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Four Americans on Immigration

(1883-2015)


Excerpts from a Digital Text at Poetry Foundation,  a Digital Text at the American Presidency Project,  and a Digital Text at the Wall Street Journal.

(NB: This document may not print properly in Firefox. Paragraph numbers apply to this excerpt, not the original source.)

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Emma Lazarus
The New Colossus
(1883)

Lazarus was raised in a wealthy New York family that had been in the United States for generations. When Jewish refugees from Russia began pouring into New York City in the early 1880s, she helped organize aid for them, and the experience led her to take more interest in her own Jewish ancestry.

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Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame,
With conquering limbs astride from land to land;
Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand
A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame
Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name
Mother of Exiles. From her beacon-hand
Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes command
The air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame.
"Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries she
With silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor,
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me,
I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"

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W. H. Anderson
"The Question of Japanese-Americans"
Los Angeles Times
(Feb. 2, 1942)

After the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7, 1941), Anderson was among many who argued that Japanese Americans on the West Coast were a security threat. Responding to those fears, the government "relocated" 120,000 Japanese Americans (both citizens and immigrants) to prison camps.  None of them had committed espionage or sabotage; in fact, many Japanese-American men proved their loyalty by joining the Army from the camps. 

Anderson argued that American-born citizens of Japanese descent were citizens only "by the accident of birth." He famously said that it was appropriate to treat them as enemies because "A viper is nonetheless a viper wherever the egg is hatched." 

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Ronald Reagan
Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom
(January 19, 1989)

These remarks were part of the last speech Reagan gave as president (the day before George H.W. Bush's inauguration). He took the opportunity to consider the essential quality of America.

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America's freedom does not belong to just one nation. We're custodians of freedom for the world. In Philadelphia, two centuries ago, James Allen wrote in his diary that "If we fail, liberty no longer continues an inhabitant of this globe." Well, we didn't fail. And still, we must not fail. For freedom is not the property of one generation; it's the obligation of this and every generation. It's our duty to protect it and expand it and pass it undiminished to those still unborn.

Now, tomorrow is a special day for me. I'm going to receive my gold watch. And since this is the last speech that I will give as President, I think it's fitting to leave one final thought, an observation about a country which I love. It was stated best in a letter I received not long ago. A man wrote me and said: "You can go to live in France, but you cannot become a Frenchman. You can go to live in Germany or Turkey or Japan, but you cannot become a German, a Turk, or a Japanese. But anyone, from any corner of the Earth, can come to live in America and become an American."

Yes, the torch of Lady Liberty symbolizes our freedom and represents our heritage, the compact with our parents, our grandparents, and our ancestors. It is that lady who gives us our great and special place in the world. For it's the great life force of each generation of new Americans that guarantees that America's triumph shall continue unsurpassed into the next century and beyond. Other countries may seek to compete with us; but in one vital area, as a beacon of freedom and opportunity that draws the people of the world, no country on Earth comes close.

This, I believe, is one of the most important sources of America's greatness. We lead the world because, unique among nations, we draw our people -- our strength -- from every country and every corner of the world. And by doing so we continuously renew and enrich our nation. While other countries cling to the stale past, here in America we breathe life into dreams. We create the future, and the world follows us into tomorrow. Thanks to each wave of new arrivals to this land of opportunity, we're a nation forever young, forever bursting with energy and new ideas, and always on the cutting edge, always leading the world to the next frontier. This quality is vital to our future as a nation. If we ever closed the door to new Americans, our leadership in the world would soon be lost.

. . . It is bold men and women, yearning for freedom and opportunity, who leave their homelands and come to a new country to start their lives over. They believe in the American dream. And over and over, they make it come true for themselves, for their children, and for others. They give more than they receive. They labor and succeed. And often they are entrepreneurs. But their greatest contribution is more than economic, because they understand in a special way how glorious it is to be an American. They renew our pride and gratitude in the United States of America, the greatest, freest nation in the world -- the last, best hope of man on Earth.

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Donald Trump
Announcement of His Candidacy for the Presidency
(June 16, 2015)

These remarks marked the official beginning of Trump's presidential campaign.

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Our country is in serious trouble. We don't have victories anymore. We used to have victories, but we don't have them. When was the last time anybody saw us beating, let's say, China in a trade deal? They kill us. I beat China all the time. All the time. . . .

When do we beat Mexico at the border? They're laughing at us, at our stupidity. And now they are beating us economically. They are not our friend, believe me. But they're killing us economically. The U.S. has become a dumping ground for everybody else's problems. [applause] . . .  When Mexico sends its people, they're not sending their best. They're not sending you. They're not sending you. They're sending people that have lots of problems, and they're bringing those problems with us. They're bringing drugs. They're bringing crime. They're rapists. And some, I assume, are good people.

But I speak to border guards and they tell us what we're getting. And it only makes common sense. It only makes common sense. They're sending us not the right people.

It's coming from more than Mexico. It's coming from all over South and Latin America, and it's coming probably -- probably -- from the Middle East. But we don't know. Because we have no protection and we have no competence, we don't know what's happening. And it's got to stop and it's got to stop fast. [applause] . . . .

So, just to sum up, I would do various things very quickly. I would repeal and replace the big lie, Obamacare.  I would build a great wall, and nobody builds walls better than me, believe me, and I'll build them very inexpensively, I will build a great, great wall on our southern border. And I will have Mexico pay for that wall.  Mark my words.

. . . I will immediately terminate President Obama's illegal executive order on immigration, immediately.

. . . Sadly, the American dream is dead. But if I get elected president I will bring it back bigger and better and stronger than ever before, and we will make America great again.

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